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Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 Physical World – HS 1st Year Free PDF Download- Engilish & Assamese

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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 The physical world is one of the most effective tools to practice physics for class 11th exams. The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 Physical World will help the students to get acquainted with the exam pattern and exam syllabus. Before understanding the more complex theories in physics, we will go through the cases and materials around the world where the laws of physics are being enforced by nature.

As per the latest update of CBSE Syllabus 2022-23 Physics covers both concepts and problems. To score well in the exam, it is highly recommended for the students to use NCERT Solutions while answering the questions from the textbook. Chapter-wise solutions are provided here in a pdf format which students can download free of cost.

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See NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 Physical World Answers

1.1 Some of the most profound statements on the nature of science have come from Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists of all time. What do you think Einstein meant when he said: “The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it makes sense”?

Answer:

The complex physical world consists of various orders of magnitude in space, time, and mass. Despite this, almost all physical phenomena can be expressed in the form of some basic laws. From this point of view, Einstein’s statement “the most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it makes sense” becomes very clear.

1.2 “Every great physical theory begins as a heresy and ends as a dogma”. Give some examples from the history of science of the validity of this sharp remark.

Answer:
A common observation in our daily life is that light travels in a straight line. When Huygens propounded his wave theory, it was a heresy. However, it soon became a dogma as interference patterns, refraction, etc., could be successfully explained on the basis of wave theory.
It was believed that light was only energy, but when the photoelectric effect was discovered it was proposed that light also has a particle nature, this was much debated and regarded as a heresy. However, Einstein eventually proved it with his quantum theory of light. From now on, it has been regarded as a dogma.

1.3 “Politics is the art of the possible”. Similarly, “Science is the art of dissolving”. Explain this beautiful thread on the nature and practice of science

Answer:

Politicians do anything and everything possible to win votes. Science is a systematic study of observation. Scientists and researchers study these observations and then make some rules from them. There are many natural phenomena happening in this universe and all of them can be explained in terms of some basic rules. For example F = mg is true for you and me and also for one star. Thus, in science we see that different phenomena are related, they are soluble and can be explained with the same or similar rule. This proves that just as politics is the art of the possible, in the same way science is the art of solubility.

1.4 Although India now has a huge base in science and technology, which is expanding rapidly, it still has a long way to go in realizing its potential to become a world leader in science. Name some important factors which in your opinion have hindered the progress of science in India.

Ans:
Here are some important factors that have obstructed the growth of science in India:

  • Lack of infrastructure and funds for quality research work in science.â€ĸ Poor pay scales and other facilities to scientists as compared to administrators.
  • Science education is neither properly oriented nor directed. It needs specific directions depending on our requirements. The industrialists are the actual consumers of new technology and research. The industrialists of this country have little confidence in the ability of Indian scientists. There is practically no co-ordination between the researchers and the industrialists.
  • Rural-based science education is nearly non-existent so that majority of the population is deprived of the benefits of advancements in technology and science.

1.5 No physicist has ever “seen” an electron. Nevertheless, all physicists believe in the existence of electrons. A wise but superstitious person extends this analogy to argue that ‘ghosts’ exist even though no one has ‘seen’. How would you refute his argument?

Answer:

Even though an electron has never been ‘seen’, its effects have been observed and practical evidence of this has been tested and proven. like electricity. However, with regard to spirits and ghosts, even though there are many claims and visions, standardized scientific readings and evidence have never been observed or successfully tested. Thus, we cannot really say with 100% certainty that they exist.

1.6 The shells of crabs found around a particular coastal location in Japan mostly resemble the mythical face of a samurai. Two explanations of this observed fact are given below. Which of the following impresses you as a scientific explanation?
(a) A tragic sea accident many centuries ago drowned a young samurai. As a tribute to his bravery, nature immortalized his face by inscribing it on the crab shells in that area in his surefire ways.

(b) After a sea tragedy, the fishermen in that area, in honor of their dead hero, freed any crab shell they caught, which was mistakenly shaped like a samurai’s face. As a result, the particular shape of the crab’s shell survived for a long time and so the shape was genetically propagated over time. This is an example of evolution by artificial selection.
[Note: This interesting illustration is taken from Carl Sagan’s ‘The Cosmos’, highlighting the fact that often strange and inexplicable facts that seem ‘supernatural’ at first sight actually have simple scientific explanations. Try considering other examples like this].

Answer:

(a) More logical and scientific.

1.7 In England and Western Europe more than two centuries ago the Industrial Revolution began with some major scientific and technological advances. What were these advances?

Answer:

The rise of modern science and the industrial revolution are closely related to each other. Another profound influence of science on the development of modern science is that the application of science to solve industrial problems gained public support and interest in science.

Some of the major discoveries and their uses are listed below:

Thermodynamics and the application of heat to make steam engines are some of the major developments in science and technology during the period of the Industrial Revolution.
The implementation and discovery of electricity helped in the invention of the motor and dynamo. Similarly, the study of gravity led to the study of motion, which later led to the development of cannons and cannons. This invention put power in the hands of western countries and they ruled the rest of the world.
The discovery of explosives not only helped the army but also in mineral exploration.
These were just a few examples of scientific breakthroughs that helped England and Europe to establish their dominant position in the world.

1.8 It is often said that the world is now witnessing a second industrial revolution, which will transform society as radically as before. List some of the major contemporary areas of science and technology, which are responsible for this revolution.

Answer:

Some of the major contemporary areas of technology and science, which are mainly responsible for a new industrial revolution taking place at present and likely to happen in the near future:

artificial intelligence
Design of super-fast computers.
Biotechnology
Evolution of superconducting materials at room temperature.
progress in the field of
→ Electronics

→ information technology

→ Nanotechnology

→ Developments in Space Science

1.9 Write a fictional essay in about 1000 words based on your guesses on 21st century science and technology.

Answer:
In the 22nd century, humans will be able to create wormholes, allowing people to travel to distant places in the universe. We will be in contact with aliens and have established human settlements outside Earth as well. With advances in quantum physics we will be more aware and understanding of our universe and the true nature of existence. Our technologies will not pollute and degrade the earth. There may be some conflict between artificial intelligence and humans.

1.10 Try to formulate your ‘ethical’ views on the practice of science. Imagine you stumble upon a discovery that has great academic interest but has nothing but dangerous consequences for human society. How will you solve your dilemma?

Answer:
A scientist works for truth. Every scientific discovery reveals a certain truth of nature. Therefore, any discovery that is bad or good for mankind must be made public.
But that being said, we cannot afford to be blind to the consequences. Before disclosing it, we should find out how good or bad it will be. If we know that the mass of a certain discovery has nothing but alarming consequences to offer, then the discovery is restricted to the knowledge of the scientist and the research working on it. In this way the discovery can help society in the long run without destroying it completely now.

1.11 Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use depending on the user. Some of the applications of science are given below. Formulate your thoughts on whether the particular application is good, bad or something that cannot be clearly classified:

(a) Mass vaccination against smallpox to prevent and eventually eradicate the disease from the population. (This has already been done successfully in India).
(b) Television for eradication of illiteracy and mass communication of news and ideas.
(c) prenatal sex determination
(d) Computers to increase work efficiency
(e) placing artificial satellites in orbits around the earth
(f) development of nuclear weapons
(g) Development of new and powerful techniques of chemical and biological warfare).
(h) Purification of drinking water
(i) Plastic surgery
(j) cloning

Answer:

(a) good. Mass vaccination helped eradicate terrible diseases from the earth.

(b) good. Television helps in literacy campaign and is an effective method of mass communication and entertainment.

(c) bad. Prenatal sex determination is considered bad as it gives rise to the practice of abortion in case of female foetus.

(d) good. Computer enhances work efficiency.

(e) good. Artificial satellites help in worldwide communication process.

(f) bad. The misuse of nuclear weapons can lead to the mass destruction of mankind.

(g) bad. These techniques can be misused for destructive purposes.

(h) good. Pure water improves people’s health.

(i) Neither good nor bad. Plastic surgery is something that cannot be classified as good or bad as it helps to remove a certain type of deformity in the needy persons.

(j) bad. Cloning has the potential to ruin the normal family life of human society.

1.12 India has a long and unbroken tradition of great scholarship in mathematics, astronomy, linguistics, logic and ethics. Yet, in parallel with this, many superstitious and conservative attitudes and practices flourished in our society and unfortunately continue to this day – even among many educated people. How will you use your knowledge of science to develop strategies to counter these attitudes?

Answer:

To popularize scientific explanations of everyday events, mass media such as

→ internet

→ Newspapers

→ television

→ radio

should be used. The knowledge of science should be educated to the public so that they can know about the real causes of the phenomenon so that their superstitions can be removed.

1.13 Although the law gives equal status to women in India, many hold unscientific views on a woman’s innate nature, ability and intelligence, and in practice give her a secondary status and role. Demystify this view by using scientific reasoning and citing examples of great women in science and other fields; And convince yourself and others that women are equal to men when given equal opportunities.

Answer:

As far as work, intelligence, decision making is concerned, no difference is seen in the ability of women and men. Nature makes little difference in the anatomy and emotion of men and women. The nutritional content of prenatal and postnatal diets contributes greatly to the development of the human body. If equal opportunities are provided to both man and woman, then woman’s mind and body will be as efficient as men’s. The list of great women who have excelled in their respective fields is huge. names of

→ Madame Curie

→ Indira Gandhi

→ Florence Nightingale

→ Margaret Thatcher

→ Mother Teresa,

→ Sarojini Naidu

→ Kalpana Chawla

From Sociology to Science are taken from different fields and all of them are very famous for their contribution in the world. Reflecting the contribution being made in every sphere of life in the country, it can be argued positively that women are no less important than men for the society.

1.14 “It is more important to have beauty in the equations of physics than to agree with experiments”. The great British physicist PAM Dirac put forward this idea. Criticize this statement. Check out some of the equations and results in this book that you find beautiful.

Answer:

Dirac’s belief is true. Equations that represent whole concepts and go against experimental results are automatically simple, small and symmetrical, which makes them really beautiful. Some examples of beautiful equations are:
E = mc 2 , E = hv, F = mg, PE = mgh.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 1

The NCERT Solutions provided here presents you Textbook Questions Answers with Additional Questions, NCERT Example Problems with Solutions, Worksheets, MCQs and Short Answer Questions. Solving these questions will help you to prepare notes and understand the concept well.

We will see here how things work and the reasons behind how they work. As Einstein once said, “Imagination is more important than knowledge”, this chapter will introduce you to the things that surround you, the history of science and its origins. We’ll look at reasons to justify them with lots of formulas and real-life physics concepts below. We will associate ourselves with theories and observations made by many scientists and draw conclusions from them.

We will get acquainted with the factors responsible for the development of science and technology in India. The existence of an electron is discussed in this chapter, along with the scientific similarity of a crab species to that of a Japanese samurai. We will look at history such as the Industrial Revolution of Western Europe and England which was two centuries ago. We will look at the important areas of science and technology responsible for the current revolution.

We will also write a fictional article about the speculation of science and technology in the 22nd century. We will work on ethicalizing our views on science and the consequences of practicing science. We would ask you to give your opinion about some applications and processes of science, whether it was helpful for the betterment of human civilization or not. We will focus on the history of India and the superstitious practices and attitudes followed by Indians. For more chapter-wise solutions you can check NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics.

We will talk about the law behind people having irrational views about the intelligence, potential and nature of women and the role of technology in the development of society as well as giving them a status. We will let you express your judgment on the statement given by physicist PAM Dirac and we will also get to know some beautiful equations of physics. We have heard about the adventures of scientists and many other outgoing individuals who have climbed high mountains to record temperatures and even took deep dives to collect data about flora and fauna. We will look at the various questions on the above mentioned topics below.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 has been prepared by expert subject teachers in such a way that it covers all the concepts of the subject. Check out NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 PDF.

AllJobAssam.com brings to you NCERT study material, notes, previous year question papers, physics problems and sample papers. These study materials are prepared as per the latest CBSE syllabus 2022-23. Register with BYJU’S for more information or download the BYJU’S app for a personalized learning experience.

Important Concepts of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 1

Students who are not able to answer the questions from the textbook are advised to refer to the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics from BYJU’S. A highly experienced set of faculty creates the solutions in accordance with the latest CBSE Syllabus 2022-23 and its guidelines. Some of the important concepts covered in Chapter 1 are –

1.1 WHAT IS PHYSICS?

1.2 SCOPE AND EXCITEMENT OF PHYSICS

1.3 PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

1.4 FUNDAMENTAL FORCES IN NATURE

1.4.1 Gravitational Force

1.4.2 Electromagnetic Force

1.4.3 Strong Nuclear Force

1.4.4 Weak Nuclear Force

1.4.5 Towards Unification of Forces

1.5 NATURE OF PHYSICAL LAWS

Disclaimer – 

Dropped Topics – 

1.1 What is Physics?
1.2 Scope and Excitement of Physics
1.3 Physics, Technology and Society
1.4 Fundamental Forces in Nature
1.5 Nature of Physical Laws

Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 : Physical World || What is Physics ?

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āĻœāĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ­ā§ŒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻœāĻ—āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ­ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŽā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻœāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšā§ˆ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻ¤ā§‹ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ­ā§ŒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­āĻ‚āĻ—ā§€ā§°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ā§° āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ “āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āĻ†āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻœ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻšâ€™āĻ˛ āĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒā§°āĻžâ€ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻšā§ˆ āĻĒā§°ā§‡āĨ¤

ā§§.ā§¨ “āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ­ā§ŒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻˇāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻĒā§‡ āĻ†ā§°āĻŽā§āĻ­ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĄāĻ—āĻŽāĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻĒā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ”āĨ¤Â āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¤ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻŖ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§° āĻŦā§ˆāĻ§āĻ¤āĻžā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤

āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°āĻƒ
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžā§° āĻĻā§ˆāĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻœā§€ā§ąāĻ¨ā§° āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻĒā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻšâ€™āĻ˛ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§°ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§°āĻ˛ā§°ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻž āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻšā§āĻ‡āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“āĻā§° āĻ¤ā§°āĻ‚āĻ— āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžā§ą āĻĻāĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻ• āĻĒāĻžāĻˇāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻ¤āĻžāĨ¤Â āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‹āĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ‡ āĻĄāĻ—āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻšâ€™āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻ¤ā§°āĻ‚āĻ— āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒā§° āĻ†ā§°ā§āĻšāĻŋ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻ—’āĻ˛āĨ¤
āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§° āĻ•ā§‡ā§ąāĻ˛ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• āĻŦā§ˆāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ­āĻžā§ą āĻ†ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžā§° āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžā§ą āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§°ā§° āĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ“ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§°ā§āĻ• āĻšā§ˆāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ• āĻĒāĻžāĻˇāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻĒā§‡ āĻ—āĻŖā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤Â āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…ā§ąāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻ¤ āĻĒā§‹āĻšā§°ā§° āĻ•ā§‹ā§ąāĻžāĻŖā§āĻŸāĻžāĻŽ āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ• āĻĄāĻ—āĻŽāĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻĒā§‡ āĻ—āĻŖā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

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āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:

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āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°āĻƒ
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  • āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ–ā§€ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤Â āĻ†āĻŽāĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤āĻžā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āĻ•ā§°āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¨āĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻ¨āĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨āĨ¤Â āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ—ā§ąā§‡āĻˇāĻŖāĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻžāĻšāĻ•āĨ¤Â āĻ­āĻžā§°āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ā§° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§°ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§° āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ā§° āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ•āĻŽāĨ¤Â āĻ—ā§ąā§‡āĻˇāĻ• āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻœāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻƒ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
  • āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯āĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ—ā§°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻ• āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻ¸ā§āĻĢāĻ˛ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻŦāĻžā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

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āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:

āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ“ ‘āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžâ€™ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ­āĻžā§ą āĻĒā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§° āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻĒā§°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§ŽāĨ¤Â āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻž āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤ā§° āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§°ā§āĻ­āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦā§€ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĻā§ƒāĻļā§āĻ¯ āĻĨāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻ¤ā§‹ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ• āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ āĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āĻĒā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻĒā§°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡āĻĻā§°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻāĻšāĻžāĻ•ā§ˆāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻāĻ• āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤āĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻ•â€™āĻŦ āĻ¨ā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§°ā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŦā§‹ā§°ā§° āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

ā§§.ā§Ŧ āĻœāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ•ā§‚āĻ˛ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻšāĻžā§°āĻŋāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻāĻ•ā§‹ā§°āĻžā§° āĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻžāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻŦā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻšāĻžāĻŽā§ā§°āĻžāĻ‡ā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§° āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻĨāĻ•āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ā§° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŸā§‹ā§ąā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻ• āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻĒā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˜āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°ā§‡?
(āĻ•) āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻ†āĻ—āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻāĻ• āĻŽā§°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻžāĻ—ā§°ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§ā§ąāĻ• āĻšāĻžāĻŽā§ā§°āĻžāĻ‡ā§° āĻĄā§āĻŦ āĻ—ā§ˆāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤Â āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“āĻā§° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•āĻ¤āĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻļā§ā§°āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻžāĻžā§āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻĒā§‡ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§° āĻ…āĻ—āĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ā§°ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ…āĻžā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§° āĻ•ā§‡āĻāĻ•ā§‹ā§°āĻžā§° āĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻžāĻŦā§‹ā§°āĻ¤ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒ āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“āĻā§° āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŽā§° āĻ•ā§°āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

(āĻ–) āĻ¸āĻžāĻ—ā§°ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŸā§ā§°ā§‡āĻœā§‡āĻĄā§€ā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ…āĻžā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻ›āĻŽā§°ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§° āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨āĻ• āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“āĻāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§ā§°āĻž āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡āĻāĻ•ā§‹ā§°āĻžā§° āĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻžāĻ• āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻžā§° āĻ†āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦāĻļāĻ¤āĻƒ āĻšāĻžāĻŽā§ā§°āĻžāĻ‡ā§° āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§° āĻĻā§°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤Â āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§°ā§‚āĻĒā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻāĻ•ā§‹ā§°āĻžā§° āĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻžā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ†āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻœā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻšā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§° āĻ˛āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸā§‹ā§° āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļāĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻšâ€™āĻ˛āĨ¤Â āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻ¨āĻŋā§°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ¨ā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§° āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ• āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖāĨ¤
[āĻŦāĻŋ:āĻĻā§ā§°: āĻāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ•ā§°ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŸā§‹ āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āĻ˛ āĻšā§‡āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§° ‘āĻĻā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻšāĻŽāĻ›â€™ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻ˛ā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāĻŸā§‹āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻĻā§āĻ­ā§āĻ¤ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻžāĻŦ āĻ¨ā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§°āĻž āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ ‘āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•â€™ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—ā§‡, āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ†āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§°āĻ˛ āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžā§° āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§€āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§ā§°āĻŖā§° āĻ†āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ˆ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻ•]āĨ¤

āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:

(āĻ•) āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤

ā§§.ā§­ āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻŦāĻ›ā§°āĻ¤āĻ•ā§ˆāĻ“ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ‡āĻ‰ā§°ā§‹āĻĒāĻ¤ āĻ”āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§ąā§° āĻ¸ā§‚āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤āĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛?

āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:

āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§ąā§° āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻŸā§‹ā§ąā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻŸā§‹ā§° āĻ˛āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ“āĻ¤āĻƒāĻĒā§ā§°ā§‹āĻ¤āĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āĻœāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤Â āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ—āĻ­ā§€ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ­āĻžā§ą āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšâ€™āĻ˛ āĻ”āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻ—ā§‡ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžā§°āĻŖā§° āĻ¸āĻŽā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻš āĻ˛āĻžāĻ­ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻ†ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžā§° āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§° āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡:

  • āĻ­āĻžāĻĒ āĻ‡āĻžā§āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ˆ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻ•ā§°āĻžāĻŸā§‹Â āĻ”āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§ąā§° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ›ā§‹ā§ąāĻžāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻ…āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤
  • āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ¤ā§° ā§°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŖ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ†ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻŽāĻŸā§° āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽā§‹ā§° āĻ†ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤Â āĻāĻ•ā§‡āĻĻā§°ā§‡ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•ā§°ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻšâ€™āĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻžā§° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ•ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻ†ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻĒāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻŽā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§° āĻšāĻžāĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“āĻāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤
  • āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĢā§‹ā§°āĻ• āĻ†ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡ā§ąāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§€āĻ• āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§°āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ–āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻŖāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

āĻāĻ‡āĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ‡āĻ‰ā§°ā§‹āĻĒāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ­ āĻ•ā§°āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

ā§§.ā§Ž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸā§‹ āĻ”āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§ąā§° āĻ¸āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§€ āĻšā§ˆ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŸā§‹ā§° āĻĻā§°ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ†āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ ā§°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§ąā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻžāĨ¤

āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:

āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°, āĻ¯āĻŋāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ˜āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ…āĻĻā§‚ā§° āĻ­ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ˜āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻ•āĻž āĻāĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ”āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§ąā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻƒ āĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻšâ€™āĻ˛:

  • āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻž
  • āĻ›ā§āĻĒāĻžā§°-āĻĢāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻžā§°ā§° āĻĄāĻŋāĻœāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
  • āĻœā§ˆā§ą āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻž
  • āĻ•ā§‹āĻ āĻžā§° āĻ‰āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§€ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĨ¤
  • ā§° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻ…āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋ

→ āĻ‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§ā§°āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¸

→ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ

→ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨â€™āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āĻ¨â€™āĻ˛āĻœāĻŋ

→ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨

ā§§.ā§¯ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻļ āĻļāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨āĻžā§° āĻœāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž-āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžā§° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ•āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§€ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤

āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°āĻƒ
ā§¨ā§¨ āĻļāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšā§‡Â āĻ•ā§ƒāĻŽāĻŋāĻ—āĻšā§āĻŦā§°Â āĻ¸ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻ¯āĻžā§° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§ā§°āĻšā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§° āĻĻā§‚ā§°ā§ˆā§° āĻ āĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ā§ˆ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĨ¤Â āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨ā§° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§°ā§āĻļāĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŽ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋā§°āĻ¤ā§‹ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšā§° āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻ›ā§‹āĨ¤Â āĻ•ā§‹ā§ąāĻžāĻŖā§āĻŸāĻžāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻ˛āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§ā§°āĻšā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻšā§‡āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤Â āĻ†āĻŽāĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§€āĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĻā§‚āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ…ā§ąāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ˜ā§°ā§āĻˇ āĻšâ€™āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤

ā§§.ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨āĻžā§° ‘āĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•â€™ āĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŖāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°āĻžā§° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻ•āĨ¤Â āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻœā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻžā§° āĻļā§ˆāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻš āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ą āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻœā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻ• āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋā§°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤Â āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨āĻžā§° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻŦ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ?

āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°āĻƒ
āĻāĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡, āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ą āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ†ā§ąāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžā§° ā§°āĻžāĻœāĻšā§ā§ąāĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻŦāĨ¤
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ā§§.ā§§ā§§ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻĻā§°ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§°āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§€ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋā§°ā§āĻ­ā§° āĻ•ā§°āĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤Â āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻšāĻ¨āĻŸā§‹ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛, āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ‡āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āĻļā§ā§°ā§‡āĻŖā§€āĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻ¨ā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨āĻžā§° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŖāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°āĻ•:

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(j ) āĻ•ā§āĻ˛â€™āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ‚

āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:

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(āĻ›) āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāĻ˛āĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ• āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻĒāĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤

(āĻœ) āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤Â āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšā§° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤

(āĻ)  āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āĻ¨āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤Â āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ• āĻšāĻžā§°ā§āĻœāĻžā§°ā§€ āĻāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•ā§ā§ąāĻž āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻŋāĻŸā§‹āĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻļā§ā§°ā§‡āĻŖā§€āĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻ¨ā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻ‡ āĻ†ā§°ā§āĻ¤āĻœāĻ¨ā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ§ā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†āĻāĻ¤ā§°ā§‹ā§ąāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤

(āĻž) āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤Â āĻ•ā§āĻ˛â€™āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ™ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ą āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœā§° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžā§°āĻŋāĻ• āĻœā§€ā§ąāĻ¨ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āĻ¸ āĻ•ā§°āĻžā§° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

ā§§.ā§§ā§¨ āĻ­āĻžā§°āĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§° āĻāĻ• āĻĻā§€ā§°ā§āĻ˜āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ…āĻ–āĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻĒā§°āĻŽā§āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ — āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻœā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ¤āĻŋā§°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤āĨ¤Â āĻ¤āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§°āĻžāĻ˛āĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžā§° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŦāĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§€ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ­āĻžā§ą āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻžāĻ‡ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•āĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āĻ†āĻœāĻŋāĻ“ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ — āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻœāĻ¤ā§‹āĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ­āĻžā§ąāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ˆ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāĻ˛ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ˆ āĻ†āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ?

āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:

āĻĻā§ˆāĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻžā§° āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻœāĻ¨āĻĒā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§°āĻžā§° āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§° āĻĻā§°ā§‡…

→ āĻ‡āĻŖā§āĻŸāĻžā§°āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŸ

→ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤ā§°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ•āĻ¤

→ āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ›āĻ¨

→ ā§°ā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāĻ…’

āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžā§°āĻŖāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“āĻāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ• āĻ§ā§āĻ‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ˆ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖāĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻšā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤

ā§§.ā§§ā§Š āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ–āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžā§°āĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻžā§°ā§€āĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡, āĻ¤āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻ“ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžā§°ā§€ā§° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ­āĻžā§ą, āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§°ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ ā§°āĻžāĻ–ā§‡, āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“āĻāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĻ• āĻ—ā§ŒāĻŖ āĻŽā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āĻ•ā§°āĻŋ, āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžā§° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āĻŋ āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛ā§‹ā§ąāĻž; āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ• āĻŦā§āĻœāĻžāĻ‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ• āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžā§°ā§€ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻˇā§° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤

āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:

āĻ•ā§°ā§āĻŽ, āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻž, āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻšāĻŖā§° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻžā§°ā§€ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻˇā§° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§°ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ā§° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻ¨āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤Â āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻˇ-āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžā§° āĻļā§°ā§€ā§°āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ­ā§ąāĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§ąā§° āĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§ąā§° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›ā§° āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻ•āĻž āĻĒā§āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ą āĻļā§°ā§€ā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļā§° āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ–āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…ā§°āĻŋāĻšāĻŖāĻž āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤Â āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžā§°ā§€ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻˇ āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§° āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžā§°ā§€ā§° āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻļā§°ā§€ā§°āĻŸā§‹ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻˇā§° āĻĻā§°ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽ āĻšâ€™āĻŦāĨ¤Â āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻĻā§°ā§āĻļāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĻā§°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžā§° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤Â ā§° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ

→ āĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•ā§ā§°ā§€

→ āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋā§°āĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§€

→ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‚āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛

→ āĻŽāĻžā§°ā§āĻ—āĻžā§°ā§‡āĻŸ āĻĨā§‡āĻšāĻžā§°

→ āĻŽāĻžāĻĻāĻžā§° āĻŸā§‡ā§°ā§‡āĻ›āĻž,

→ āĻ¸ā§°ā§‹āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨ā§€ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡āĻĻā§

→ āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ“āĻ˛āĻž

āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻ˛ā§ˆāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻ˛ā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“āĻāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ā§‹ā§ąā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ˆ āĻ…ā§ąāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤Â āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§° āĻœā§€ā§ąāĻ¨ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸā§‹ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ—āĻŦāĻĸāĻŧā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻ…ā§ąāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĢāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•āĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§°ā§āĻ• āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžā§°ā§€ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

ā§§.ā§§ā§Ē “āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ¸āĻŽā§€āĻ•ā§°āĻŖāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻĒā§°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžā§° āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻžāĻ¤āĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ¸ā§ŒāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§°ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻĨāĻ•āĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ—ā§ā§°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ”āĨ¤Â āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦā§ā§°āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻ› āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§€ āĻĒāĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻŽ āĻĄāĻŋā§°āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ—ā§ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻ•āĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§€āĻ•ā§°āĻŖ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĢāĻ˛āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžā§ąāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ“āĻ• āĻ¯āĻŋāĻŦā§‹ā§°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§° āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ˜āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤

āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°:

āĻĄāĻŋā§°āĻžāĻ•ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻāĻšāĻžāĨ¤Â āĻ¯āĻŋāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ¸āĻŽā§€āĻ•ā§°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ—ā§ā§° āĻ§āĻžā§°āĻŖāĻžāĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ§āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•ā§°ā§‡ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ• āĻĢāĻ˛āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§°ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡, āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‚āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ, āĻ¸ā§°ā§ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻŽ, āĻ¯āĻžā§° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡āĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ¸āĻāĻšāĻžāĻ•ā§ˆāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§° āĻšā§ˆ āĻĒā§°ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§° āĻ¸āĻŽā§€āĻ•ā§°āĻŖā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻšâ€™āĻ˛:
E = mc 2 , E = hv, F = mg, PE = mghāĨ¤

ā§§ā§§ āĻ¨āĻ‚ āĻļā§ā§°ā§‡āĻŖā§€ā§° āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ¨āĻšāĻŋāĻ‡āĻ†ā§°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§§

āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻāĻ¨āĻšāĻŋāĻ‡āĻ†ā§°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻšā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻ• āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻšā§° āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°ā§° āĻ˛āĻ—āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋā§°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ¤ā§‡Â āĻāĻ¨āĻšāĻŋāĻ‡āĻ†ā§°āĻŸāĻŋā§° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖāĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ•Â āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž, āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ¯āĻĒāĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻāĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāĻ‰ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻšā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§°ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŸā§‹āĻ•āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ• āĻšâ€™āĻŦ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ§āĻžā§°āĻŖāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻĻā§°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĻŦāĨ¤

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AllJobAssam’s āĻ āĻ†āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ˛ā§ˆ āĻ†āĻšāĻŋāĻ›ā§‡ NCERT āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§ā§°ā§€, āĻŸā§‹āĻ•āĻž, āĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŦā§° āĻŦāĻ›ā§°ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ•āĻ¤, āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœāĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§ā§°ā§€āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš āĻšāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻ›āĻ‡ā§° āĻļā§‡āĻšāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŽ ā§¨ā§Ļā§¨ā§¨-ā§¨ā§Š āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ā§°āĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤Â āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ BYJU’S ā§° āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžā§āĻœā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§°āĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ—āĻ¤āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻ¤āĻžā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§‡ BYJU’S App āĻĄāĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĄ āĻ•ā§°āĻ•āĨ¤

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āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§ā§°-āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§° āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§° āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦ āĻ¨ā§‹ā§ąāĻžā§°ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“āĻāĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĻ• BYJU’S ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻžÂ NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics āĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ˆ āĻĒā§°āĻžāĻŽā§°ā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤Â āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻž āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻ•ā§° āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ—ā§‹āĻŸā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻšāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻ›āĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŽ ā§¨ā§Ļā§¨ā§¨-ā§¨ā§Š āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§° āĻ¨āĻŋā§°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻ¨āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ā§°āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš āĻ¸ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§°ā§‡āĨ¤Â ā§§ āĻ¨āĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ—ā§ā§°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ āĻ§āĻžā§°āĻŖāĻž āĻšâ€™āĻ˛ –

ā§§.ā§§ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋ?

ā§§.ā§¨ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§° āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§‡āĻœāĻ¨āĻž

ā§§.ā§Š āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨, āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœ

ā§§.ā§Ē āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ

ā§§.ā§Ē.ā§§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•ā§°ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻŦāĻ˛

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ā§§.ā§Ē.ā§Š āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§€ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ

ā§§.ā§Ē.ā§Ē āĻĻā§ā§°ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ąāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ

ā§§.ā§Ē.ā§Ģ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻāĻ•āĻ¤ā§ā§°ā§€āĻ•ā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĻāĻŋāĻļāĻ¤

ā§§.ā§Ģ āĻ­ā§ŒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ

āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•āĻžā§° – 

āĻĄā§ā§°āĻĒ āĻ•ā§°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ – 

ā§§.ā§§ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋ?
ā§§.ā§¨ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§° āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§‡āĻœāĻ¨āĻž
ā§§.ā§Š āĻĒāĻĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨, āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†ā§°ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœ
ā§§.ā§Ē āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋā§° āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
ā§§.ā§Ģ āĻ­ā§ŒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ

 

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