Zoology major syllabus Gauhati university: CBCS for Honors: Recently Gauhati University has made some changes to its syllabus. And many of the students having a hard time finding it.So we has brought the syllabus for all Subjects and streams. From B.SC to B.A and B.COM. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4rt,5th,6th semester.
Zoology syllabus For 1st semester
CORE COURSE I
CODE: ZOO-HC-1016
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NON-CHORDATES I: PROTISTS TO PSEUDOCOELOMATES
THEORY
Unit 1: Protista, Parazoa and Metazoa
General characteristics and Classification upto classes Study of Euglena, Amoeba and Paramecium Life cycle and pathogenicity of Plasmodium vivax and Entamoeba histolytica Locomotion and Reproduction in Protista Evolution of symmetry and segmentation of Metazoa.
Unit 2: Porifera 7
General characteristics and Classification upto classes Canal system and spicules in sponges.
Unit 3: Cnidaria 12
General characteristics and Classification uptoclasses Metagenesis in Obelia Polymorphism in Cnidaria Corals and coral reefs.
Unit 4: Ctenophora 4
General characteristics and Evolutionary significance.
Unit 5: Platyhelminthes 10
General characteristics and Classification up to classes Life cycle and pathogenicity of Fasciola hepatica and Taeniasolium.
Unit 6: Nemathelminthes 8
General characteristics and Classification up to classes Lifecycle, and pathogenicity of Ascaris lumbricoides and Wuchereri abancrofti Parasitic adaptations in helminthes.
Practical for NON-CHORDATES I: PROTISTS TO PSEUDOCOELOMATES
PRACTICALS
- Study of whole mount of Euglena, Amoeba and Paramecium, Binary fission and Conjugation in Paramecium.
- Examination of pond water collected from different places for diversity in protista.
- Study of Sycon(T.S. and L.S.), Hyalonema, Euplectella,Spongilla.
- Study of Obelia, Physalia, Millepora, Aurelia, Tubipora, Corallium. Alcyonium, Gorgonia, Metridium, Pennatula, Fungia, Meandrina,Madrepora.
- One specimen/slide of anyctenophore
- Study of adult Fasciola hepatica, Taenia solium and their life cycles (Slides/micro- photographs).
- Study of adult Ascaris lumbricoides and its life stages(Slides/micro-photographs).
- To submit a Project Report on any related topic on life cycles.
CORE COURSE II
CODE: ZOO-HC-1026
PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY
THEORY
Unit 1: Introduction to Ecology
History of ecology, Autecology and synecology, Levels of organization, Laws of limiting factors, Study of physical factors.
Unit2: Population
Unitary and Modular populations Unique and group attributes of population: Density, natality, mortality, life tables, fecundity tables, survivorship curves, age ratio, sex ratio, dispersal and dispersion Exponential and logistic growth, equation and patterns, r and K strategies Population regulation – density-dependent and independent factors Population interactions, Gause’s Principle with laboratory and field examples, Lotka-Volterra equation for competition and Predation, functional and numerical responses.
Unit3: Community characteristics: species richness, dominance, diversity, abundance, vertical stratification, Ecotone and edge effect; Ecological succession with one example Theories pertaining to climax community
Unit4: Ecosystem
Types of ecosystems with one example in detail, Food chain: Detritus and grazing food chains, Linear and Y-shaped food chains, Food web, Energy flow through the ecosystem, Ecological pyramids and Ecological efficiencies Nutrient and biogeochemical cycle with one example of Nitrogen cycle Human modified ecosystem
Unit 5: Applied Ecology
Ecology in Wildlife Conservation and M10 anagement
Practical for PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY
PRACTICALS
- Study of life tables and plotting of survivorship curves of different types from the hypothetical/real data provided.
- Determination of population density in a natural/hypothetical Community by quadrate method and calculation of Shannon- We iner diversity in dex for the same community.
- Study of an aquatic ecosystem: Phytoplankton and zooplankton, Measurement of area, temperature, turbidity/penetration of light, determination of pH, and Dissolved Oxygen content (Winkler’smethod).
- Report on a visit to National Park/Biodiversity Park/Wild life sanctuary.
Zoology Syllabus for 2nd Semester
CORE COURSE III
CODE: ZOO-HC-2016
NON-CHORDATES II: COELOMATES
THEORY
Unit 1: Introduction to Coelomates
Evolution of coelom and metamerism.
Unit 2: Annelida 10
General characteristics and Classification upto classes Excretion in Annelida.
Unit 3: Arthropoda 17
General characteristics and Classification upto classes Vision and Respiration in Arthropoda Metamorphosis in Insects Social life in bees and termites.
Unit 4: Onychophora 4
General characteristics and Evolutionary significance.
Unit 5: Mollusca
General characteristics and Classification upto classes Respiration in Mollusca Torsion and detorsion in Gastropoda Pearl formation in bivalves Evolutionary significance of trochophore larva.
Unit 6: Echinodermata 12
General characteristics and Classification upto classes Water-vascular system in Asteroidea Larval forms in Echinodermata Affinities with Chordates.
PRACTICAL NON-CHORDATES II: COELOMATES
- Study of followingspecimens: Annelids-Aphrodite, Nereis, Heteronereis ,Sabella, Serpula, Chaetopterus, Pheretima, Hirudinaria Arthropods – Limulus, Palamnaeus, Palaemon, Daphnia, Balanus, Sacculina, Cancer, Eupagurus, Scolopendra, Julus, Bombyx, Periplaneta, termites and honey bees Onychophora – Peripatus Molluscs – Chiton, Dentalium, Pila, Doris, Helix, Unio, Ostrea, Pinctada,Sepia, Octopus, Nautilus Echinodermates – Pentaceros/Asterias, Ophiura, Clypeaster, Echinus, Cucumariaand Antedon.
- Study ofd igestive system,septa lnephridiaan dpharyn gealneph ridiaofear te worm
- T.S. through pharynx, gizzard, and typhlosolar intestine ofearthworm
- Mount of mouth parts and dissection of digestive system and nervous systemof Periplaneta.
- To submit a Project Report on any related topic to larval forms (crustacean, mollusc andechinoderm).
CORE COURSE IV
CODE: ZOO-HC-2026
CELL BIOLOGY
THEORY
Unit 1: Over view of Cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, Virus, Viroids, Mycoplasma, Prions.
Unit 2:Plasma Membrane Various models of plasma membrane structure Transport across membranes: Active and Passive transport, Facilitated transport Cell junctions: Tight junctions, Desmosomes, Gap junctions
Unit 3:Endomembrane System
Structure and Functions: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes.
Unit 4: Mitochondria and Peroxisomes 8
Mitochondria:Structure,Semi- autonomousnature,Endosymbiotichypothesis Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain, Chemi-osmotichypothesis Peroxisomes
Unit 5: Cytoskeleton 8
Structure and Functions: Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate filaments.
Unit 6: Nucleus 12
Structure of Nucleus: Nuclearenvelope, Nuclear pore complex, Nucleolus Chromatin: Euchromatin and Hetrochromatin and packaging(nucleosome)
Unit 7: Cell Division
Mitosis, Meiosis, Cell cycle and its regulation.
Unit 8:Cell Signaling
GPCR and Role of second messenger (CAMP).
PRACTICAL for CELL BIOLOGY
- Preparation of temporary stained squash of onion root tip to study various stages of mitosis.
- Study of various stages of meiosis.
- Preparation of permanent slide to show the presence of Barrbody in human female blood cells/cheek cells.
- Preparation of permanent slide to demonstrate: iDNA by Feulgen reaction ii Mucopolysaccharides by PAS reaction iii Proteins by Mercuro bromophenol blue/FastGreen.
Zoology Syllabus for 3rd Semester
CORE COURSE V
DIVERSITY OF CHORDATA
CODE: ZOO-HC-3016
THEORY
Unit 1: Introduction to Chordates
General characteristics and outline classification.
Unit 2: Protochordata
General characteristics of Hemichordata, Urochordata and Cephalochordata; Study of larval forms in protochordates; Retrogressive metamorphosis in Urochordata.
Unit 3: Origin of Chordata
Dipleurula concept and the Echinoderm theory of origin of chordates Advanced features of vertebrates over Protochordata.
Unit 4: Agnatha
General characteristics and classification of cyclostomes up to class.
Unit 5 : Pisces
General characteristics of Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes, classification upto order Migration, Osmoregulation and Parental care in fishes.
Unit 6: Amphibia
Origin of Tetrapoda (Evolution of terrestrial ectotherms); General characteristics and classification upto order; Parental care in Amphibians.
Unit 7 : Reptilia
General characteristics and classification up to order; Affinities of Sphenodon; Poison apparatus and Biting mechanism in snakes.
Unit 8 : Aves
General characteristics and classification up to order Archaeopteryx– a connecting link; Principles and aerodynamics of flight, Flight adaptations and Migration in birds
Unit 9: Mammals
General characters and classification up to order; Affinities of Prototheria; Adaptive radiation with reference to locomotory appendages.
Unit 10: Zoogeography
Zoo geographical realms, Theories pertaining to distribution of animals, Plate tectonic and Continental drift theory, distribution of vertebrates in different realms.
PRACTICAL for DIVERSITY OF CHORDATA
- Protochordata
Balanoglossus, Herdmania, Branchiostoma, Colonial Urochordata Sections of Balanoglossus through proboscis and branchio genital regions, Sections of Amphioxus through pharyngeal, intestinal and caudal regions.Permanent slide of Herdmania spicules.
- Agnatha
Petromyzon, Myxine.
- Fishes
Scoliodon, Sphyrna, Pristis, Torpedo, Chimaera, Mystus, Heteropneustes, Labeo, Exocoetus, Echeneis, Anguilla, Hippocampus,Tetrodon/ Diodon, Anabas, Flat fish.
- Amphibia
Ichthyophis/Ureotyphlus, Necturus, Bufo, Hyla, Alytes, Salamandra
- Reptilia
Chelone, Trionyx, Hemidactylus, Varanus, Uromastix, Chamaeleon,Ophiosaurus,Draco,
Bungarus, Vipera, Naja, Hydrophis, Zamenis, Crocodylus Key for Identification of poisonous and non-poisonoussnakes.
- Aves
Study of six common birds from different orders. Types of beaks and claws.
- Mammalia
Sorex, Bat (Insectivorous and Frugivorous), Funambulus, Loris, Herpestes, Erinaceous.
Mount of weberian ossicles of fish Power point presentation on study of any two animals from two different classes by students (may be included if dissections not given permission).
CORE COURSE VI
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY: CONTROLLING AND COORDINATING SYSTEMS
CODE: ZOO-HC-3026
THEORY
Unit 1: Tissues
Structure, location, classification and functions of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue.
Unit 2: Bone and Cartilage
Structure and types of bones and cartilages, Ossification, bone growth and resorption.
Unit 3: Nervous System
Structure of neuron, resting membrane potential, Origin of action potential and its propagation across the myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers; Types of synapse, Synaptic transmission and, Neuromuscular junction; Reflex action and its types – reflex arc; Physiology of hearing and vision.
Unit 4: Muscle 12
Histology of different types of muscle; Ultra structure of skeletal muscle; Molecular and chemical basis of muscle contraction; Characteristics of muscle twitch; Motor unit, summation and tetanus
Unit 5: Reproductive System
Histology of testis and ovary; Physiology of male and female reproduction; Puberty, Methods of contraception in male and female
Unit 6: Endocrine System
Histology of endocrine glands – pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal; hormones secreted by them and their mechanism of action; Classification of hormones; Regulation of their secretion; Mode of
Hormone action,Signal transduction pathways for steroidalandnon- steroidal hormones;Hypothalamus(neuroendocrinegland)- principal nuclei involved in neuro endocrine control of anterior pituitary and endocrines system; Placental hormones
PRACTICALS of ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY: CONTROLLING AND COORDINATING SYSTEMS
- Demonstration of the unconditioned reflex action (Deep tendon reflex such as knee
jerkreflex)
- Preparation of temporary mounts:Squamouse pithelium,Striatedm usclefibres and nervecells
- Study of permanent slides of Mammalian skin, Cartilage, Bone, Spinal cord, Nervecell,Pituitary,Pancreas,Testis,Ovary,Adrenal,Thyroid and Parathyroid
- Microtomy: Preparation of permanent slide of any five mammalian(Goat/ rat/mice)tissues
CORE COURSE VII
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
CODE: ZOO-HC-3036
THEORY
Unit1: Carbohydrates
Structure and Biological importance: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and Glycoconjugates
Unit 2 : Lipids
Structure and Significance: Physiologically important saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Tri-acylglycerols, Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Steroids
Unit 3 :Proteins
Amino acids: Structure, Classification and General properties of α- amino acids; Physiological importance of essential and non-essential α- amino acids Proteins: Bonds stabilizing protein structure; Levels of organization in proteins; Denaturation; Introduction to simple and conjugate proteins Immunoglobulins: Basic Structure, Classes and Function, Antigenic Determinants
Unit 4 : Nucleic Acids
Structure: Purines and pyrimidines,Nucleosides,Nucleotides,Nucleicacids CotCurves: Base pairing, Denaturation and Renaturation of DNA Types of DNAand RNA, Complementarity of DNA, Hpyo- Hyperchromaticity of DNA.
Unit 5 : Enzymes
Nomenclature and classification; Cofactors; Specificity of enzyme action; Isozymes; Mechanism of enzyme action; Enzyme kinetics; Factors affecting rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions; Derivation of Michaelis-Menten equation, Concept of Km and Vmax, Lineweaver- Burk plot; Multi-substrate reactions; Enzyme inhibition; Allosteric enzymes and their kinetics; Regulation of e2n2zyme action.
PRACTICAL Of FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
- Qualitative tests of functional groups in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
- Paper chromatography of amino acids.
- Action of salivary amylase under optimum conditions.
- Effect of pH, temperature on the action of salivary amylase.
- Demonstration of proteins separation by SDS-PAGE.
CORE COURSEVIII COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES
CODE: ZOO-HC-4016
THEORY
Unit 1:Integumentary System
Structure, functions and derivatives of integument
Unit 2: Skeletal System
Overview of axial and appendicular skeleton, Jaw suspensorium, Visceral arches
Unit 3: Digestive System
Alimentary canal and associated glands, dentition
Unit 4: Respiratory System
Skin, gills, lungs and air sacs; Accessory respiratory organs
Unit 5: Circulatory System
General plan of circulation, evolution of heart and aortic arches
Unit 6: Urinogenital System
Succession of kidney, Evolution of urinogenital ducts, Types of mammalian uteri.
Unit 7: Nervous System
Comparative account of brain Autonomic nervous system, Spinal cord, Cranial nerves in mammals.
Unit 8: Sense Organs
Classification of receptors Brief account of visual and auditory receptors in man.
PRACTICAL of COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OFVERTEBRATES
- Study of placoid, cycloid and ctenoid scales through permanent slides/photographs.
- Disarticulated skeleton of Frog, Fowl, Rabbit.
- Carapace and plastron of turtle/tortoise.
- Mammalian skulls: One herbivorous and one carnivorous animal.
- Study of structure of any two organs (heart, lung, kidney, eye. and ear) from video recording (may be included if dissection not permitted)
- Project on skeletal modifications in vertebrates (may be included if dissection not permitted)
CORE COURSE IX
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY: LIFE SUSTAINING SYSTEMS
CODE: ZOO-HC-4026
THEORY
Unit 1: Physiologyof Digestion
Structural organization and functions of gastrointestinal tract and associated glands; Mechanical and chemical digestion of food; Absorptions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, minerals and vitamins; Hormonal control of secretion of enzymes in Gastrointestinaltract.
Unit 2: Physiology of Respiration
Histology of trachea and lung; Mechanism of respiration, Pulmonary ventilation; Respiratory volumes and capacities; Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood; Respiratory pigments, Dissociation curves and the factors influencing it; Carbon monoxide poisoning; Control of respiration
Unit 3 : Renal Physiology
Structure of kidney and its functional unit; Mechanism of urine Formation; Regulation of water balance; Regulation of acid-base balance.
Unit 4 : Blood
Components of blood and their functions; Structure and functions of haemoglobin Haemostasis: Blood clotting system, Kallikrein-Kinninogen system, Complement system&Fibrinolytic system,Haemopoiesis Blood groups: Rh factor, ABO and MN.
Unit 5: Physiology of Heart
Structure of mammalian heart; Coronary circulation; Structure and working of conducting myocardial fibers.Origin and conduction of cardiac impulses Cardiac cycle; Cardiac output and its regulation, Frank-Starling Law of the heart, nervous and chemical regulation of heart rate. Electrocardiogram, Blood pressure and its regulation.
PRACTICALS of ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY: LIFE SUSTAINING SYSTEMS
- Determination of ABO Blood group.
- Enumeration of red blood cells and white blood cells using haemocytometer.
- Estimation of haemoglobin using Sahli’shaemoglobinometer.
- Preparation of haemin crystals.
- Recording of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer.
- Examination of sections of mammalian oesophagus,stomach,duode num,ileum, rectum liver, trachea, lung, kidney.
CORE COURSE X BIOCHEMISTRY OF
METABOLIC PROCESSES
CODE: ZOO-HC-4036
THEORY
Unit 1: Overview of Metabolism
Catabolism vs Anabolism, Stages of catabolism, Compartmentalization of metabolic pathways, Shuttle systems and membrane transporters; ATP as “Energy Currency of cell”; coupled reactions; Use of reducing equivalents and cofactors; Intermediary metabolism and regulatory mechanisms.
Unit 2 : Carbohydrate Metabolism
Sequence of reactions and regulation of glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, Phosphate pentose pathway, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis.
Unit 3 : Lipid Metabolism
β-oxidation and omega-oxidation of saturated fatty acids with even and odd number of carbon atoms; Biosynthesis of palmiticacid; Ketogenesis.
Unit 4 : Protein Metabolism
Catabolism of amino acids: Transamination, Deamination, Urea cycle; Fate of C-skeleton of Glucogenic and Ketogenic amino acids.
Unit 5 : OxidativePhosphorylation 10
Redox systems; Review of mitochondrial respiratory chain, Inhibitors and un-couplers of Electron Transport System.
PRACTICALS of BIOCHEMISTRY OF METABOLIC PROCESS
- Estimation of total protein in given solutions by Lowry’smethod.
- Detection of SGOT and SGPT in serum/tissue
- To study the enzymatic activity of Trypsin and Lipase.
- Study of biological oxidation (SDH) [goatliver]
- To perform the Acid and Alkaline phosphatase assay from serum/tissue.
CORE COURSE XI
MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY
CODE: ZOO-HC-5016
THEORY
Unit 1:Nucleic Acids
Salient features of DNA and RNA Watson and Crick model of DNA.
Unit 2: DNA Replication
DNA Replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, mechanism of
DNA replication, Semi-conservative, bidirectional and semi- discontinuous replication, RNA priming, Replication of circular and linear ds-DNA, replication of telomeres
Unit 3 : Transcription
RNA polymerase and transcription Unit, mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, synthesis of rRNA and mRNA, transcription factors.
Unit 4:Translation
Geneticcode,Degeneracy of the genetic code and Wobble Hypothesis;Process of protein synthesis in prokaryotes: Ribosome structure and assembly in prokaryotes, fidelity of protein synthesis, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and charging of tRNA; Proteins involved in initiation, elongation and termination of
Polypeptide chain;In hibitors of protein synthesis; Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation.
Unit 5: Post Transcriptional Modifications and Processing of Eukaryotic RNA 6 Structure of globin mRNA; Split genes: concept of introns and exons, splicing mechanism, alternative splicing, exon shuffling, and RNA editing, Processing of tRNA.
Unit 6: GeneRegulation
Transcription regulation in prokaryotes: Principles of transcriptional regulation with examples from lac operon and trpoperon; Transcription regulation in eukaryotes: Activators, repressors, enhance rs, silencer elements; Gene silencing, Genetic impr3i0nting.
Unit 7: DNA Repair Mechanisms
Pyrimidine dimerization and mismatch repair.
Unit 8: Regulatory RNAs 3
Ribo-switches, RNA interference, miRNA, siRNA.
PRACTICAL of MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- Study of Polytene chromosomes from Chironomous / Drosophilalarvae.
- Preparation of liquid culture medium(LB)and raise culture of coli.
- Estimation of the growth kinetics of E. coli by turbidity method.
- Quantitative estimation DNA using colorimeter (Diphenylamine reagent).
- Quantitative estimation of RNA using Orcinolreaction.
- Study and interpretation of electron micrographs/ photographshowing
(a) DNA replication
(b) Transcription
(c) Splitgenes
CORE COURSE XII
PRINCIPLES OF
GENETICS
CODE: ZOO-HC-5026
THEORY
Unit 1: Mendelian Genetics and its Extension
Principles of inheritance, Incomplete dominance and co- dominance, Multiple alleles, Lethal alleles, Epistasis, Pleiotropy, Sex-linked, sex- influenced and sex-limited characters inheritance.
Unit 2: Linkage, Crossing Over and Chromosomal Mapping
Linkage and crossing over, Cytological basis of crossing over, Molecular mechanisms of crossing over including models of recombination, Recombination frequency as a measure of linkage intensity, Two factor and three factor crosses, Interference and coincidence, Somatic cell hybridization.
Unit 3 : Mutations
Types of genemutations (Classification),Types of chromosoma laber rations (Classification, figures and with one suitable example of each),
Molecular
Basis of mutations in relation to UV light and chemical mutagens;Detection of mutations: CLB method, attached X method.
Unit 4:Sex Determination
Chromosomal mechanisms of sex determination in Drosophila and Man.
Unit 5: Extra-chromosoma in heritance
Criteria for extra-chromosomal inheritance, Antibiotic resistance in Chlamydomonas, Mitochondrial mutations in Saccharomyces, Infective heredity in Paramecium and Maternal effects
Unit 6:PolygenicInheritance
Polygenic inheritance with suitable examples; simple numericals based on it.
Unit 7: Recombination in Bacteria and Viruses
Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction, Complementation test in Bacteriophage
Unit 8: Transposable Genetic Elements
Transposons in bacteria, Ac-Ds elementsin maize and P elements in Drosophila, Transposons in humans
PRACTICALS Of PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS
- To study the Mendelian laws and gene interactions.
- Chi-square analyses using seeds/beads/Drosophila.
- Linkage maps based on data from conjugation ,transformation and transduction.
- Linkage maps based on data from Drosophila crosses.
- Study of human karyotype (normal and abnormal).
- Pedigree analysis of some human inherited traits.
CORE COURSE XIII
DEVELOPMENTAL
BIOLOGY
CODE: ZOO-HC-6016
THEORY
Unit 1: Introduction
Historical perspective and basic concepts: Phases of development, Cell-Cell interaction, Pattern formation, Differentiation and growth,Differential gene expression, Cytoplasmic determinants and Asymmetric cell division.
Unit 2: Early Embryonic Development
Gametogenesis, Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis; Types of eggs, Egg membranes; Fertilization (External and Internal): Changes in gametes, Blocks to polyspermy; Planes and patterns of cleavage; Types of Blastula; Fate maps (including Techniques); Early development of frog and chick up to gastrulation; Embryonic induction and organizers
Unit 3: Late Embryonic Development
Fate of Germ Layers; Extra-embryonic membranes in birds; Implantation of embryo in humans, Placenta (Structure,types and functions of placenta).
Unit 4: Post Embryonic Development
Metamorphosis: Changes, hormonal regulations in amphibians and insects; Regeneration: Modes of regeneration, epimorphosis, morphallaxis and compensatory regeneration (with one example each); Ageing: Concepts and Theories.
Unit 5: Implications of Developmental Biology
Teratogenesis: Teratogenic agents and their effects on embryonic development; In vitro fertilization, Stem cell (ESC), Amniocentesis.
PRACTICALS of DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
- Study of whole mounts and sections of developmental stages offrog through permanent slides: Cleavage stages, blastula, gastrula, neurula, tail-bud stage, tadpole (external and internal gillstages).
- Study of whole mounts of developmental stages of chick through permanent slides: Primitive streak (13 and 18 hours), 21, 24, 28,33, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation (Hamilton and Hamburgerstages).
- Study of the developmental stages and life cycle of Drosophila from stock culture.
- Study of different sections of placenta (photomicropgraph/slides)
- Project report on Drosophila culture/chick embryo development
CORE COURSE XIV
EVOLUTIONARY
BIOLOGY
CODE: ZOO-HC-6026
THEORY
Unit1: Life’sBeginnings
Chemogeny, RNAworld, Biogeny, Origin of photosynthesis, Evolution of eukaryotes.
Unit 2: Historical review of evolutionary concept.
Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism
Unit 3 : Evidences of Evolution
Fossil record (types of fossils, transitional forms, geological time scale, evolution of horse, Molecular (universality of genetic code and protein synthesising machinery, three domains of life, neutral theory of molecular evolution, molecular clock ,example of globin gene family, rRNA/cyt c.
Unit4: Sources of variations:
Heritable variations and their role in evolution
Unit5: Population genetics:
Hardy-Weinberg Law (statement and derivation of equation, application of law to human Population); Evolutionary forces upsetting H-W equilibrium;Naturalselection(conceptoffitness,selectioncoefficient,derivationof one unit of selection for a dominant allele, genetic load, mechanism of working, types of selection, density-dependent selection, heterozygous superiority, kin selection, adaptive resemblances, sexual selection. Genetic Drift (mechanism, founder’s effect, bottleneck phenomenon;Role of Migration and Mutation in changingallele frequencies.
Unit6: Product of evolution:
Micro evolutionary changes (inter-population variations, clines, races, Species concept, Isolating mechanisms, modes of speciation—allopatric, sympatric, Adaptive radiation / macroevolution (exemplified by Galapagos finches.
Unit 7: Extinctions
Background and mass extinctions (causesandeffects),detail edexamp leof K-Textinction
Unit8: Origin and evolution of man,
Unique hominin characteristics contrasted with primate characteristics, primate phylogeny from Dryopithecus leading to Homosapiens, molecular analysis of human origin
Unit 9: Phylogenetic trees
Multiple sequence alignment, construction of phylogenetic trees, interpretation of trees.
PRACTICALS of EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
- Study of fossils from models/pictures
- Study of homology and analogy from suitable pecimens
- Study and verification of Hardy-Weinberg Law by chi square analysis
- Graphical representation and interpretation of data of height/weight of asample of 100 humans in relation to their age and sex.
- Construction of phylogenetic trees with the help of bioinformatics tools(Clustal X, Phylip, NJ) and its interpretation.
DISCIPLINE CENTRIC ELECTIVE COURSES
CODE: ZOO-HE-5016
COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY and BIOSTATICS
THEORY
Unit 1: Introduction to Bioinformatics
Importance, Goal, Scope; Genomics, Transcriptomics, Systems Biology, Functional Genomics, Metabolomics, Molecular Phylogeny;Applications and Limitations of Bioinformatics.
Unit 2: Biological Databases
Introduction to biological databases; Primary, secondary and composite databases; Nucleic acid databases (GenBank, DDBJ, EMBL and NDB); Protein databases (PIR, SWISS-PROT, TrEMBL, PDB); Metabolic pathway database (KEGG, EcoCyc, and MetaCyc); Small molecule databases (PubChem, Drug Bank, ZINC, CSD).
Unit 3: Data Generation and Data Retrieval
Generation of data (Gene sequencing, Protein sequencing, Mass spectrometry, Microarray), Sequence submission tools (BankIt, Sequin, Webin); Sequence file format (flat file, FASTA, GCG, EMBL, Clustal, Phylip, Swiss-Prot); Sequence annotation; Data retrieval systems (SRS, Entrez)
Unit 3: Basic Concepts of Sequence Alignment
Scoring Matrices (PAM, BLOSUM), Methods of Alignment (Dot matrix, Dynamic Programming, BLAST and FASTA); Local and global alignment, pair wise and multiple sequence alignments; Similarity, identity and homology of sequences.
Unit 4: Applications of Bioinformatics
Structural Bioinformatics (3-D protein, PDB), Functional genomics (genome- wide and high throughput approaches to gene and protein function), Drug discovery method (Basic concepts)
Unit 5: Biostatistics
Introduction, calculation of standard deviation, standard error, Co- efficient of Variance, Chi-square test, Z test, t-Test.
PRACTICAL of COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
- Accessing biological databases
- Retrieval of nucleotide and protein sequences from the databases.
- To perform pair-wise alignment of sequences (BLAST) and interpret the output
- Predict the structure of protein from its amino acid sequence.
- To perform a “two-sample t- test” for a given set ofdata
- Tolearngraphicalrepresentationsofstatisticaldatawiththehel
pofcomputers (e.g. MSExcel).
CODE: ZOO-HC-5026
ANIMAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
THEORY
Unit 1. Introduction
Concept and scope of biotechnology.
Unit 2. Molecular Techniques in Gene manipulation
Cloning vectors: Plasmids, Cosmids, Phagemids, Lambda Bacteriophage, M13, BAC, YAC, MAC and Expression vectors (characteristics). Restriction enzymes: Nomenclature, detailed study of Type II. Transformation techniques: Calcium chloride method and electroporation. Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries and screening by colony and plaque hybridization Southern, Northern and Western blotting DNA sequencing: Sanger method Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA Finger Printing and DNA microarray.
Unit 3. Genetically Modified Organisms
Production of cloned and transgenic animals: Nuclear Transplantation, Retroviral Method, DNA microinjection Applications of transgenic animals: Production of pharmaceuticals, production of donor organs, knock outmice. Production of transgenic plants: Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Applications of transgenic plants: insect and herbicide resistant plants.
Unit 4. Culture Techniques and Applications
Animal cell culture, Expressing clone dgenesin mammalian cells, Molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases (Cysticfibrosis,Sickle cell anemia)Recombinant DNA in medicines: Recombinant insulin and human growth hormone, Gene therapy.
PRACTICAL of ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Genomic DNA isolation from E.coli
- Plasmid DNA isolation (pUC 18/19) from E.coli
- Restriction digestion of plasmid DNA.
- Construction of circular and linear restriction map from the data provided.
- Calculation of transformation efficiency from the data provided.
- To study following techniques through photographs
- Southern Blotting
- Northern Blotting
- Western Blotting
- DNA Sequencing (Sanger’sMethod)
- PCR
- DNA fingerprinting
- Project reporton animal cell culture
46
CODE: ZOO-HE-5036
ENDOCRINOLOGY
THEORY (Credits 4)
Unit 1: Introduction to Endocrinology 12
History of endocrinology, Classification, Characteristic and
Transport of Hormones, Neuro secretions and Neuro hormones
Unit 2: Epiphysis, Hypothalamo-hypophysialAxis 15
Structure of pineal gland, Secretions and their functions in biological
rhythm sand reproduction.
Structure of hypothalamus, Hypothalamic nuclei and their functions,
Regulation of neuroendocrine glands, Feed back mechanisms
Structure of pituitary gland, Hormones and their functions,
Hypothalamo- hypophysial portal system, Disorders of pituitary
gland.
Unit3:Peripheral Endocrine Glands 18
Structure, Hormones, Functions and Regulation of Thyroid gland,
Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Ovary and Testis
Hormones in homeostasis, Disorders of endocrine glands
Unit4: Regulation of Hormone Action 15
Hormone action at Cellular level: Hormone receptors, transduction and
regulation Hormone action at Molecular level: Molecular mediators,
Genetic control of hormone action
47
ENDOCRINOLOGY
PRACTICAL (Credits 2)
- Dissect and display of Endocrine glands in laboratory
bred rat* 2.Study of the permanent slides of all the
endocrine glands
- Demonstration of Castration/ovariectomy in laboratory
bred rat* 4. Designing of primers of any hormone
CODE: ZOO-HE-5046
PARASITOLOGY
THEORY (CREDITS 4)
Unit I: Introduction to Parasitology 3
Brief introduction of Parasitism, Parasite, Parasitoid and Vectors
(mechanical and biological vector) Host parasite relationship
Unit II: Parasitic Protists 15
Study of Morphology, Life Cycle, Prevalence, Epidemiology,
Pathogenicity, Diagnosis, Prophylaxis and Treatment of Entamoeba
histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trypanoso magambiense, Leishmania
donovani, Plasmodium vivax
Unit III: Parasitic Platyhelminthes 15
48
Study of Morphology, Life Cycle, Prevalence, Epidemiology,
Pathogenicity, Diagnosis, Prophylaxis and Treatment of Fasciolopsis
buski, Schistosoma haematobium, Taenia solium and Hymenolepis nana
Unit IV: Parasitic Nematodes 15
Study of Morphology, Life Cycle, Prevalence, Epidemiology,
Pathogenicity, Diagnosis, Prophylaxis and Treatment of
Ascarislumbricoides,
Ancylostomaduodenale,WuchereriabancroftiandTrichinellaspiralis.Study
ofstructure,life cycle and importance of Meloidogyne(root knot
nematode), Pratylencus(lesion nematode)
Unit IV: Parasitic Arthropoda 10
Biology, importance and control of ticks, mites,
Pediculushumanus(head and body louse), Xenopsyllacheopisand
Cimexlectularius
Unit V: Parasitic Vertebrates 2
A brief account of parasitic vertebrates; Cookicutter Shark, Candiru, Hood
Mockingbird and Vampire bat
PARASITOLOGY
PRACTICAL (Credits 2)
Study of life stages of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia
intestinalis, Trypanosoma gambiense, Leishmania donovani and
Plasmodium vivax through permanent slides/microphotographs
Study of adult and life stages of Fasciolopsis buski,
Schistoso mahaematobium, Taenia solium and Hymenolepis nana
through permanent slides/microphotographs
Study of adult and life stages of Ascarislumbricoides,
Ancylostomaduodenale, Wuchereriabancroftiand
Trichinellaspiralisthrough permanent slides/microphotographs
Study of plant parasitic root knot nematode,
Meloidogynefrom the soil sample
Study of Pediculushumanus(Head louse and Body louse),
XenopsyllacheopisandCimexlectulariusthroughpermanentslides/phot
ographs
Study of monogenea from the gills of fresh/marine fish
[Gills can be procured from fish market as by product oftheindustry]
Study of nematode/cestode parasites from the intestines of
Poultry bird [Intestine can be procured from poultry/market as a
byproduct]
Submission of a brief report on parasitic
Vertebrates
CODE: ZOO-HE-6026
FISH AND FISHERIES
THEORY (Credits 4)
UNIT 1: Introduction and Classification: 6
General description of fish; Account of systematic classification of
fishes (upto classes); Classification based on feeding habit, habitat and
manner of reproduction.
UNIT 2: Morphology and Physiology: 18
Types of fins and their modifications; Locomotion in fishes;
Hydrodynamics; Types of Scales, Use of scales in Classification and
determination of age of fish; Gills and gas exchange; Swim Bladder:
Types and role in Respiration, buoyancy; Osmoregulation in
Elasmobranchs; Reproductive strategies (special reference to Indian
fishes); Electric organs; Bioluminiscience; Mechanoreceptors; Schooling;
Parental care; Migration
UNIT3:Fisheries 12
Inland Fisheries; Marine Fisheries; Environmental factors influencing
the seasonal variations in fish catches in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of
Bengal; Fishing crafts and Gears; Depletion of fisheries resources;
Application of remote sensing and GIS in fisheries; Fisheries law and
regulations
Unit4:Aquaculture 20
Sustainable Aquaculture; Extensive, semi-intensive and intensive
culture offish; Pen and cage culture; Polyculture; Composite fish culture;
Brood stock management; Induced breeding of fish; Management of
finfish hatcheries;
Preparationandmaintenanceoffishaquarium;Preparationofcompounddietsf
or fish; Role of water quality in aquaculture; Fish diseases: Bacterial,
viral and parasitic;Preservationandprocessingofharvestedfish,Fisheryby-
products
UNIT 5: Fish in research 53 4
Transgenic fish, Zebra fish as a model organism in research
FISH AND FISHERIES
PRACTICAL (Credits 2)
- Morphometric and meristic characters of fishes
- Study of Petromyzon, Myxine, Pristis, Chimaera,
Exocoetus, Hippocampus, Gambusia, Labeo, Heteropneustes
,Anabas
- Study of different types of scales (through permanent slides/photographs).
- Study of crafts and gears used in Fisheries
- WaterqualitycriteriaforAquaculture:AssessmentofpH,cond
uctivity,Total solids, Total dissolved solids
- Study of air breathing organs in Channa, Heteropneustes, Anabas and
Clarias
- Demonstration of induced breeding in Fishes(video)
- Demonstration of parental care in fishes(video)
- ProjectReportonavisittoanyfishfarm/piscicultureunit/Zebra
fishrearing Lab.
CODE: ZOO-HE-6036
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
THEORY (CREDITS 4)
Unit 1: Reproductive Endocrinology
Gonadalhormonesandmechanismofhormoneaction,steroids,glycoproteinhormones
,and prostaglandins, hypothalamo – hypophyseal – gonadal axis, regulation of
gonado trophin secretion in male and female; Reproductive System: Development
and differentiation of gonads, genital ducts, external genitalia, mechanism of sex
differentiation.
Unit 2: Functional anatomy of male reproduction
Outline and histological of male reproductive system in rat and human; Testis:
Cellular functions, germ cell, system cell renewal; Spermatogenesis: kinetics and
hormonal regulation; Androgen synthesis and metabolism; Epididymal function and
sperm maturation; Accessory glands functions; Sperm transportation in male tract
Unit 3: Functional anatomy of female reproduction
Outline and histological of female reproductive system in rat and human; Ovary:
folliculogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and regression;
Steroidogenesis and secretion of ovarian hormones; Reproductive cycles (rat and
human) and their regulation, changes in the female tract; Ovum transport in the
fallopian tubes; Sperm transport in the female tract, fertilization; Hormonal control
of implantation; Hormonal regulation of gestation, pregnancy diagnosis, foeto –
maternal relationship; Mechanism of parturition and its hormonal regulation;
Lactation and its regulation
Unit 4: Reproductive Health
Infertility in male and female: causes, diagnosis and management; Assisted
Reproductive Technology: sex selection, sperm banks, frozen embryos, in vitro
fertilization, ET,EFT, IUT, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI, PROST; Modern contraceptive
technologies; Demographic terminology used in family planning
55
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
PRACTICAL (CREDITS 2)
- Study of animal house: set up and maintenance of animal house,
breeding techniques, care of normal and experimental animals.
- Examination of vaginal smear rats from live animals.
- Examination of histological sections from photomicrographs/
permanent slides of rat/human: testis, epididymis and accessory glands of
male reproductive systems; Sections of ovary, fallopian tube, uterus
(proliferative and secretory stages), cervix and vagina.
- Sperm count and sperm motility in rat
- Study of modern contraceptive devices
CODE: ZOO-HE-6046
WILD LIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
THEORY (CREDITS 4)
Unit 1: Introduction to Wild Life
Values of wildlife-positive and negative; Conservation ethics;
Importance of conservation; Causes of depletion; World conservation
strategies.
Unit 2: Evaluation and management of wild life
Habitat analysis, Physical parameters :Topography, Geology, Soil
and water; Biological Parameters: food, cover, forage, browse and
cover estimation; Standard evaluation pro5c6edures: remote sensing and
GIS.
57
Unit 3: Management of habitats
Setting back succession; Grazing logging; Mechanical treatment;
Advancing the
successionalprocess;Coverconstruction;Preservationofgeneralgeneticdi
versity; Restoration of degradedhabitats
Unit 4: Population estimation
Population density, Natality, Birth rate, Mortality, fertility schedules and
sex ratio computation; Faecal analysis of ungulates and carnivores: Faecal
samples, slide preparation, Hair identification, Pug marks and census
method.
Unit 5: Management planning of wild life in protected areas
Estimationofcarryingcapacity;Ecotourism/wildlifetourisminforests;Conceptofclimax
persistence; Ecology of perturbence.
Unit 7: Management of excess population
Bio-telemetry; Care of injured and diseased animal; Quarantine; Common
diseases of wild animal
Unit 8: Protected areas
Nationalparks&sanctuaries,Communityreserve;ImportantfeaturesofprotectedareasinI
ndia; Tigerconservation-TigerreservesinIndia;ManagementchallengesinTigerreserve.
58
WILD LIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
PRACTICALS (CREDITS 2)
- Identification of flora, mammalian fauna, avian fauna, herpeto-fauna
- Demonstration of basic equipment needed in wildlife
studies use, care and maintenance (Compass, Binoculars, Spotting
scope, Range Finders, Global Positioning System, Various types of
Cameras and lenses)
- Familiarization and study of animal evidences in the field;
Identification of animals through pugmarks, hoofmarks, scats,
pellet groups, nest, antlers etc.
- Demonstration of different field techniques for flora and fauna
- PCQ,Tentree
method,Circular,Square&rectangularplots,Parker’s2Stepandot
her methods for ground cover assessment, Tree canopy cover
assessment, Shrub cover assessment.
- Trail/transectmonitoringforabundanceanddiversityestimati
onofmammalsandbird (direct and indirect evidences)
ZOO-HE-6056
DISSERTATION
Dissertation of Zoology Specific subject
.
GENERIC ELECTIVE COURSES
CODE: ZOO-HG-1016
ANIMAL DIVERSITY
THEORY (CREDITS 4)
Unit 1:Kingdom Protista 4
General characters and classification up to classes; Locomotory Organelles and locomotion in
Protozoa
Unit 2: Phylum Porifera 3
General characters and classification up to classes; Canal System in Sycon
Unit 3: Phylum Cnidaria 3
General characters and classification up to classes; Polymorphism in Hydrozoa
Unit 4:Phylum Platyhelminthes 3
General characters and classification up to classes; Life history of Taenia solium
Unit 5: Phylum Nemathelminthes 5
General characters and classification up to classes; Life history of Ascaris lumbricoides and
its parasitic adaptations
Unit 6:Phylum Annelida 3
General characters and classification up to classes; Metamerism in Annelida
Unit 7:Phylum Arthropoda 5
General characters and classification up to classes; Vision in Arthropoda, Metamorphosis in
Insects
60
Unit 8: Phylum Mollusca
General characters and classification up to classes; Torsion in gastropods
4
Unit 9: Phylum Echinodermata
General characters and classification up to classes; Water-vascular system in Asteroidea
4
Unit 10: Protochordates
General features and Phylogeny of Protochordata
2
Unit 11: Agnatha
General features of Agnatha and classification of cyclostomes up to classes
2
Unit 12: Pisces
General features and Classification up to orders; Osmoregulation in Fishes
4
61
Unit13: Amphibia 4
General features and Classification up to orders; Parental care
Unit14: Reptiles 4
General features and Classification up to orders; Poisonous and non-poisonous snakes, Biting
mechanism in snakes
Unit15: Aves 5
General features and Classification up to orders; Flight adaptations in birds
Unit17: Mammals 5
Classification up to orders; Origin of mammals
Note: Classification of Unit 1-9 to be followed from “Barnes, R.D. (1982). Invertebrate
Zoology, V Edition”
65
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF
VERTEBRATES
PRACTICAL (CREDITS 2)
- Osteology:
- a) Disarticulated skeleton of fowl and rabbit
- b) Carapace and plastron of turtle/tortoise
- c) Mammalian skulls: One herbivorous and one carnivorous animal.
- Frog – Study of developmental stages – whole mounts and sections through permanent
slides – cleavage stages, blastula, gastrula, neurula, tail bud stage, tadpole external and
internal gill stages.
- Study of the different types of placenta- histological sections through permanent slides or
photomicrographs.
- Examination of gametes – frog/rat – sperm and ova through permanent slides or
photomicrographs.
CORE COURSE III
PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
CODE: ZOO-HG-3016
THEORY (CREDITS 4)
Unit 1: Nerveandmuscle
Structure of a neuron, Resting membrane potential, Graded potential, Origin of Action
potential and its propagation in myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibres, Ultra-structure
of skeletal muscle, Molecular and chemical basis of muscle contraction
Unit2: Digestion 5
Physiology of digestion in the alimentary canal; Absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Unit3: Respiration 5
Pulmonary ventilation, Respiratory volumes and capacities, Transport of Oxygen and carbon
dioxide in blood
Unit 4: Excretion 5
Structure of nephron, Mechanism of Urine formation, Counter-current Mechanism
Unit 5: Cardiovascular system 6
Composition of blood, Hemostasis, Structure of Heart, Origin and conduction of the cardiac
impulse, Cardiac cycle
Unit 6: Reproduction andEndocrineGlands 7
Physiology of male reproduction: hormonal control of spermatogenesis; Physiology of
female reproduction: hormonal control of menstrualcycle
Structure and function of pituitary, thyroid, Parathyroid, pancreas and adrenal
Unit 7: Carbohydrate Metabolism 8
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Pentose phosphate pathway, Gluconeogenesis,
metabolism, Review of electron transport chain
Glycogen
Unit 8: Lipid Metabolism
Biosynthesis and β oxidation of palmitic acid
5
Unit 9: Protein metabolism
Transamination, Deamination and Urea Cycle
5
Unit 10: Enzymes
Introduction, Mechanism of action, Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Regulation
6
67
PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
PRACTICAL (CREDITS2)
- Preparation of hemin crystals
- Study of permanent histological sections of mammalian pituitary, thyroid, pancreas,
adrenal gland
- Study of permanent slides of spinal cord, duodenum, liver, lung, kidney, bone, cartilage
- Qualitative tests to identify functional groups of carbohydrates in given solutions (Glucose,
Fructose, Sucrose, Lactose)
- Estimation of total protein in given solutions by Lowry’s method.
- Study of activity of salivary amylase under optimum conditions
GENETICS AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
CODE: ZOO-HG-4016
THEORY (CREDITS 4)
Unit 1: Introduction to Genetics 3
Mendel’s work on transmission of traits, Genetic Variation, Molecular basis of Genetic
Information
Unit 2: Mendelian Genetics and its Extension 8
Principles of Inheritance, Chromosome theory of inheritance, Incomplete dominance and co-
dominance, Multiple alleles, Lethal alleles, Epistasis, Pleiotropy, sex linked inheritance,
extra-chromosomal inheritance
Unit 3: Linkage, Crossing Over and Chromosomal Mapping 9
Linkage and crossing over, Recombination frequency as a measure of linkage intensity, two
factor and three factor crosses, Interference and coincidence, Somatic cell genetics – an
alternative approach to gene mapping
Unit4: Mutations 7
Chromosomal Mutations: Deletion, Duplication, Inversion, Translocation, Aneuploidy and
Polyploidy; Gene mutations: Induced versus Spontaneous mutations, Back versus Suppressor
mutations,
Unit 5: Sex Determination
Chromosomal mechanisms, dosage compensation
4
Unit 6: History of Life
Major Events in History of Life
2
Unit 7: Introduction to Evolutionary Theories
Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism
Unit 8: Direct Evidences of Evolution
Types of fossils, Incompleteness of fossil record, Dating of fossils, Phylogeny of horse
Unit 9: Processes of Evolutionary Change 9
Organic variations; Isolating Mechanisms; Natural selection (Example: Industrial melanism);
Types of natural selection (Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive), Artificial selection
Unit 10:Species Concept 6
Biological species concept (Advantages and Limitations); Modes of speciation (Allopatric,
Sympatric) 68
Unit11:Macro-evolution 5
Macro-evolutionary Principles (example: Darwin’s Finches)
Unit 12: Extinction 6
Mass extinction (Causes, Names of five major extinctions, K-T extinction in detail), Role of
extinction in evolution
GENETICS AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
PRACTICAL (CREDITS 2)
- Study of Mendelian Inheritance and gene interactions (Non Mendelian Inheritance) using
suitable examples. Verify the results using Chi-square test.
- Study of Linkage, recombination, gene mapping using the data.
- Study of Human Karyotypes (normal and abnormal).
- Study of fossil evidences from plaster cast models and pictures
- Study of homology and analogy from suitable specimens/pictures
- Charts:
- a) Phylogeny of horse with diagrams/ cut outs of limbs and teeth of horse ancestors
- b) Darwin’s Finches with diagrams/ cut outs of beaks of different species
- Visit to Natural History Museum and submission of report
SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES
CODE: ZOO-SE-3014 Credit-4
Ornamental Fish & Fisheries
- Ornamental Fish Diversity of North East India.
- Aquarium plant diversity in the wetland of Assam.
- Construction and management of Home Aquarium.
- Natural feed of Ornamental Fish
- Strategies for maintenance of natural colour of Ornamental Fish
- Natural Breeding of Tricogaster species
- Health management of Ornamental Fish
- Feed formulation of Ornamental Fish
- Development of Biological filtration in Aquarium
- Pure culture of planktons
Practical’s
- Identification of Ornamental Fish
- Culture of Indigenous ornamental fish in Aquarium
- Estimation of Physico-chemical characteristics of Aquarium water
- Biological filter for removal of Ammonia from Aquarium
- Culture of Planktons
APICULTURE
CODE: ZOO-SE-3024
(CREDITS4)
Unit 1: Biology of Bees
History, Classification and Biology of Honey
Bees Social Organization of Bee Colony
Unit 2: Rearing of Bees
Artificial Bee rearing(Apiary),Beehives–Newton and
Langstroth Bee Pasturage
Selection of Bee Species for
Apiculture Bee Keeping Equipment
Methods of Extraction of Honey (Indigenous and Modern)
Unit 3: Diseases and Enemies
Bee Diseases and Enemies
Control and Preventive
measures
Unit 4:Bee Economy
Products of Apiculture Industry and its Uses (Honey, Bees Wax,
Propolis), Pollen etc
Unit5:EntrepreneurshipinApiculture
Bee Keeping Industry–Recent Efforts, Modern Methods in employing
artificial Beehives for cross pollination in horticultural gardens
CODE: ZOO-SE-4014
SEC 2 N0N-
MULBERRY
SERICULTURE
Unit 1: Introduction
Sericulture: Definition, history and present status of Mulberry and Non-Mulberry Sericulture; Silk route
Varieties of Silk; Types and distribution of non-mulberry or wild or vanya sericigenous insects in N-E India
Unit 2: Biology of Non-mulberry Silkworm:
Life cycle of silkworm- Eri and Muga
Structure of silk gland and Nature of Silk
Unit 3: Rearing of Silkworms (Eri and Muga Silkworm):
Food plants of Eri and Muga Silkworm
Rearing Operation:
Rearing house/Site and rearing appliances
Disinfectants: Formalin, bleaching powder
Rearing technology: Early age and Late age rearing
Environmental conditions in rearing-Temperature, Humidity, Light and Air
Types of mountages
Harvesting and storage of cocoons
Spinning and Reeling of silk
Unit 4: Pests and Diseases:
Pests of eri and muga silkworm
Pathogenesis of eri and muga silkworm diseases: Protozoan, viral, fungal and bacterial
Prevention and control measures of pests and diseases
Unit 5: Entrepreneurship in Non-Mulberry Sericulture:
Varieties of Non-Mulberry Silk products and economics in India
Prospectus of Non-Mulberry Sericulture in India: Non-Mulberry Sericulture industry in different states,
employment generation and potential
Visit to various sericulture Govt. /Private Farm/ Centers.
CODE: ZOO-SE-4024
Wildlife Photography and
Ecotourism
CREDITS 4
Unit-I Tools and Technique of Photography Credit-1
CODE: ZOO-SE-4034
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Credit:4
Unit 1:
Foundations of Research:
Meaning, Objectives, Motivation: Research Methods vs Methodology, Types of Research:
Analytical vs Descriptive, Quantitative vs Qualitative, Basic vs Applied
Unit 2:
Research Design Need for research design:
Features of good design, Important concepts related to good design- Observation and Facts, Prediction
and Explanation, Development of Models. Developing a research plan: Problem identification,
Experimentation, Determining experimental and sample designs
Unit 3:
Data Collection, Analysis and Report Writing
Observation and Collection of Data-Methods of data collection- Sampling Methods, Data Processing
and Analysis Strategies, Technical Reports and Thesis writing, Preparation of Tables and Bibliography.
Data Presentation using digital technology
Unit 4:
Ethical Issues
Intellectual property Rights, Commercialization, Copy Right, Royalty, Patent law, Plagiarism, Citation,
Acknowledgement